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(10) The expectation that reduced nutrient inputs would reverse eutrophication effects originated from predictions derived from broad-scale relationships between chlorophyll a concentration (Chla), as an indicator of algal biomass, and nutrient concentrations across coastal ecosystems.
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Variable fluorescence fluorometry, an analytical approach that estimates the fluorescence yield of chlorophyll a (F0, a proximal measure of algal concentration) and photochemical yield (FV/FM, an indicator of the physiological status of algae) was evaluated as a means to rapidly assess photoautotrophs.
Future coring studies to examine historical reef assemblages [21] may aid in determining the historical diversity of calcifying organisms in the NWHI, but would not necessarily provide insight into the percent cover of living calcified organisms at any given time, and would not be a good indicator of the types of non-calcifying algal assemblages that might have been present in past eras.
This concept of indicators can be extended beyond presence/absence by relating abundance, biomass or growth of algal species to environmental impacts in general or specific stress symptoms in particular.
However, says study leader Claudia Benitez−Nelson, a geochemist at the University of South Carolina, "We no longer can use algal blooms as an indicator of [potential] DA poisoning".
Ship engines also produce large quantities of nitrogen, which contribute to the formation of algal blooms at sea.
Ingredients of algal growth medium (TAPx4).
In algal photobioreactors, pigmentation of algal cells has additional shading effect which reduces light penetration.
Treatment of algal biomass with CaO before acid and/or enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced the degradation of algal cells.
Theoretical evaluation of algal biodiesel shows extravagance and economical impedance.
Cellulose acetate films are used as matrices for the immobilization of algal species at electrodes.
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