Sentence examples for indicator injection from inspiring English sources
The estimation of COPAC has become the clinical standard, despite the fact that the method has limited accuracy and may be affected by many factors such as ventilation, volume and temperature of injectate, and technique of indicator injection [ 24, 25], which may have contributed to the variations found between methods in the present study.
Objectives: To compare PVPI_fem and GE F_femderived from femoral TPTD to values derived from jugular indicator injection in 25 patients with both jugular and femoral CVCs.
Furthermore, femoral central vein access for TPTD indicator injection inappropriately increases GEDV(I) [ 15, 16].
We prospectively performed 110 TPTDs in 11 patients with femoral indicator injection.
In a second step we analyzed, if PVPIdisplayed is calculated based on a GEDVdisplayed corrected for femoral indicator injection.
For determination of CI and EVLWI accurate TPTD-data is obtained using femoral access for indicator injection.
The central venous catheter was used for cold indicator injections and for central venous pressure monitoring.
Each TPTD measurement represents the mean of three consecutive TPTD indicator injections.
Usually the results of an arbitrarily chosen number (one to five) of thermal indicator injections are averaged to increase the reliability of the measurement.
A correction formula for jugular GEDVI after femoral TPTD-indicator injection was calculated.
