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There are several versions of zero-inflated Poisson, we will use ZIP p, μ i) defined as: Prob y|…) = p × 1[ y=0] + (1 − p) × Poisson y; μ i), where 1[ y = 0] is an indicator function and Poisson y; μ i) indicates the Poisson likelihood with mean μ i, and p is the proportion of extra zeros.
where is the Heaviside function (implementing the indicator function) and the second argument of indicates the time-discretized version of the spike train.
To update the critic network weights, an indicator function and a concurrent learning technique are employed.
The concepts of indicator function and aliasing are introduced to study such designs.
It is based on usage of a two-valued indicator function and by using that, a stability region is easily determined.
In his philosophy of mind, Dretske's central idea was that the representational content of mental states such as beliefs could be understood in terms of their indicator function and he constructed an elegant, deep and detailed theory based on this idea.
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Corresponding analysis of indicator functions and simulation results are shown for demonstrating the effectiveness and improvements.
The problem is set up, using indicator functions, and necessary and sufficient conditions given for full estimability and various constructions using the G-basis method.
The time series models comprise natural spline terms in the model for time with 9 df/year, two natural spline terms for daily average temperature with 3 df recorded on the day of and the day before death, day of week indicator functions, and the 2-day average of pollution concentrations.
Thus, impossible state transitions, or incorporation values that are impossible, given the state transition get a likelihood of 0. For example, if, then f i must be 0, otherwise the likelihood is 0. For ease of notation, we define the distribution of f i, conditional on the state transition: replaces both the indicator functions and the previous π.
In [67] (see also [68]), Schmuckenschläger defines the convolution square of as the convolution of the indicator function of and, and the distribution function of this convolution is defined by.
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