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A further key surrogate indicator for research quality in our study was the impact factors of the publishing journals, a marker of the average number of citations [31].
Whereas the number of published items was currently considered as a quantitative measure of research productivity (showing American dominance in this field), citation analysis may be used as an indicator for research quality.
As patents give an owner the right to exclude others from using the invention, they are often considered as a key indicator for research and innovation output.
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Publication and citation numbers are the most important items that have become the basis of bibliometric indicators for research evaluation purposes.
Our comparative exercise calls for continuous efforts to improve the indicators of labour market regulations, as well as for cautious use of such indicators for research and policy advice.
The most important bibliometric indicators for research capacity and productivity include the number of publications, the amount of peer-reviewed scientific journal articles, the number of total citations, and the type of publications [ 20- 22].
This paper investigates the potential expansion of an indicator set for research performance evaluation to include citations for the mapping of research impact.
Since our study primarily focuses on an analysis of the influence of using citation metrics and/or an inclusion of citation metrics in an indicator set for research evaluation, we additionally calculate the rank correlation coefficients.11 These coefficients indicate how the rankings change that are based on the level of attribute variables.
This paper introduces a new impact indicator for the research effort of a university, nh3.
The h-index is recognized by the ISI Web of Science by Thomson Reuters or Scopus by Elsevier, as an important indicator for assessing research impact [21, 24, 25].
Alternatively, researchers, TTOs and universities may feel a great pressure (real or perceived) to submit more patent applications, as patenting becomes increasingly expected and a common evaluative indicator for individual research output performance.
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