The slowest 20percentt were considered to have this indicator of frailty.
Consequently, low handgrip strength is considered as an accurate indicator of frailty [25].
Because some such skilled nursing facility admissions identified in Medicare data are short term and may not be totally related to frailty, we also identified a subset of nursing home admissions that resulted in stays of more than 20 days (beyond the period for full Medicare coverage) or death within 20 days as a more accurate indicator of frailty.
In the one study examining grip strength, there was evidence that those who were weaker were at increased risk of subsequently reporting a long-term nursing home stay in models with basic adjustments, but this was not maintained after adjustment for other indicators of frailty which may mediate this association (Table 2 and Supplementary data available in Age and Ageing online).
43 Similarly, opioids can, as well as being a risk drug due to their potential to cause adverse drug reactions, be an indicator for pain or frailty (which are potential risk factors in themselves).
We contrasted the association of systolic BP, diastolic BP, number of antihypertensive medication classes taken, and indicators of frailty with risk for serious fall injuries among 5236 REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Difference in Stroke) participants ≥65 years taking antihypertensive medication at baseline with Medicare fee-for-service coverage.
The PIG tool includes the intuitive "surprise question", generic indicators, and also specific indicators, such as those for frailty.
Many older adults have indicators of frailty, which may increase their risk for falls.
The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for a serious fall injury among participants with 1, 2, or ≥3 indicators of frailty versus no frailty indicators was 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.40), 1.495%95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.87), and 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.56-2.67), respectively.
