Specifically, time-dependent sensitivity and specificity functions are defined as follows: s e n s i t i v i t y [ c, t | f (X ) ] = P r { f (X ) > c | δ (t ) = 1 }, s p e c i f i c i t y [ c, t | f (X ) ] = P r { f (X ) > c | δ (t ) = 0 }, in which c is the cut-off point, t is the survival time, f(X) are the prognostic indices, f (X ) = X ′ β and δ(t) is the event indicator at time t [ 16].
Furthermore, the probability of a negative response to pth indicator at time t conditional on latent health state j at time t is given by (4) The ρ quantities are known in the latent variable modeling literature as the item response probabilities, and they show precisely how the indicators (i.e., the diagnostic tests) measure the latent health states.
Let us denote Rface(t) and Rspeech(t) as the vectors obtained from the two indicators at time t.
Furthermore, the reduction of a real-time user's utility parameter from its corresponding value is determined by his normalized indicator at that time slot.
Here's a curious economic indicator: at a time when the rest of the service industry is begging for customers, the first 20 or so schools I found were booked solid.
There is also no indicator, at this time, that drug use was involved in his death.
In addition, we added standardized socioeconomic factors on neighborhood level, one indicator at a time.
The first model included age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, and one obesity indicator at a time.
Access varied between individual practices with the key differences between practices being the frequency of disease management reviews and the types of support offered to people with diabetes (e.g. not all practices referred people to education programmes, and this was not a quality indicator at the time of the WISE trial).
But in my travels through North America, Europe and Asia, I've found no more telling indicator – and at times, no more important one – than the state of its subway station toilets, the true measure of urban civilisation.
Assessment of model 2 shows that, after correction for the effects of disease characteristics and the socio-economic indicators at the time of diagnosis, a person's age at the time of diagnosis still relates to his current labour participation status.
