These studies showed that the novel polymeric indicator and single-stranded PNA probe could be used to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor for DNA detection.
An electrochemical method for the detection of DNA hybridization using a novel electroactive, cationic, and water-soluble branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI cobalt III)–phenanthroline phen) polymeric indicator and single-stranded neutral peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe on the Au electrode was developed.
Finally results for the multi-indicator and single indicator system were compared using untrained readers to demonstrate the improvements in accuracy achieved with the new system.
Bivariate analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test to examine associations between nutritional indicators and single potential risk factors.
Issues of scale, and the tension between multiple indicators and single statistics, suggest the need for a variety of alternative approaches.
Potential approaches will include baseline or last value carried forward, missing indicator approaches, and single or multiple imputation [ 27, 28].
This model contains 18 estimates: four loadings of the NK indicators on the NK activity factor, four loadings of the IFN indicators on the rIFNγ activity factor, the correlation between the two activity factors (whose variances are fixed at 1.0), eight measurement error variances (one per indicator), and the single variance applied or assigned to both the separate interfering factors.
Such an index can be formed by combining indicators into domain indices and single-number indices across regions.
For instance, the current reporting to hospitals includes detailed results on 10 indicators and 35 single items, in addition to case-mix-adjusted indicators benchmarked against the national average.
Furthermore, indicators for single drugs and single mutations are input for the logistic regression.
Considering the need to integrate different variables and indicators in a single indicator, several methodologies/techniques have been developed and deployed to aggregate such indicators.
