This statistic is called a (filtering) criterion and the resulting deterministic indicator i is called evaluation indicator or objective.
This transformation can be done by filtering the randomness produced by the disturbance by means of a statistic applied to the random indicator i.
Whenever the system is affected by a random disturbance, the value of the design indicator i is also random: it is a stochastic or uncertain variable according to whether the disturbance is of one type or the other.
The statistical significance of the observed differences was established by using an SCR-related effect size indicator (i.e. Taunovlap).
The manuscript assesses the variability of raw and product prices (i.e. hydrocarbons in the HDA process) related to a reference indicator (i.e. crude oil).
The paper presents the application of a newly synthesised indicator (i.e. 2,2-bis-[3- 2-thiazolylazo -4-4-hydroxyphenyl-propane], TAPHP) for selective detection of palladium.
(5 where r ij denotes the fuzzy membership of indicator i, to class j, C j is analytical value of water quality indicator i and S ij is the allowable water quality indicator.
The indicator i = 1,..,k corresponds to risk groups for young adults with the cut-off denoted by k, and the remaining k + 1 to 30 risk groups represent adults.
X i t represents the actual value of indicator i for all the lines and for the year t, whereas w p is the weight of indicator p and n is the total number of indicators.
Each TPI has been normalized in the range (0,1) as follows: NTP{I_{{i,s}}} = frac{{TP{I_{{i,s}}} - TP{I_{{i,min }}}}}{{TP{I_{{i,max }}} - TP{I_{{i,min }}}}} (1 where TPI i,s, TPI i,max and TPI i,min are the value of the indicator i = 1…N, of the city s and the maximum and minimum values of the indicator i related to all cities, respectively.
