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See, e.g., 21 CFR § 801.109 (requiring labels to include such information as indications, effects, routes, methods, frequency and duration of administration, relevant hazards, contraindications, side effects, and precautions).
Respondents had more detailed knowledge of indications, effects and how to access alternative treatments, which is bolstered by the active promotion and legitimization of alternative treatments.
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"Positive airway pressure therapy": Theory, indications, effectiveness, adverse effects.
However, in the absence of previous evidence that comparator drugs were free of other indication effects, this would again have not ruled out this bias, even though it may have accounted for bias related to the comparison with non-users.
This decreased off-indication effect confirms that some, but not all, of the genetics–side effect relationship is driven either by aspects of the intended therapeutic biology of the drug, or by other effects in the same organ system.
It is therefore likely that we are observing a "confounding by indication" effect as we reported in an earlier cohort of RA patients followed prospectively for the development of MRI erosions [ 26].
However, the percentage of subjects with the albuminuric phenotype who were taking RAS blockers was higher than that of patients with the nonalbuminuric phenotype, though this might simply be an indication effect (18).
OBJECTIVE To examine the indications and effects of RBC transfusion in palliative care patients.
On the other hand, De La TorretRoche et al. [138] found no indications for effects of MWCNT soil amendments in zucchini (C. pepo) and tomato (S. lycopersicum).
Hospital pharmacists must be able to explain clearly a medication's indications, side effects, and contraindications to patients--and doctors--who may not be at their most coherent.
Results remained largely the same, with only weak indications that effects may vary among the suborders in slight ways.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com