These patients had the same indications of operation, and were admitted only through our urologic outpatient department.
Therefore, matching the smokers with comparable non-smokers based on sex, age, BMI, indication for operation, duration of operation, chemotherapy, radiation and implant at the surgical site prior to implantation would not have changed the results.
Demographic characteristics, BMI, indication for operation, type and brand of prosthesis, total amount of blood loss, surgical time, length of hospital stay and ASA classification will be collected and/or recorded for all patients included in this study.
As I pulled up to the cinderblock building in the rapidly gentrifying Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, a small stencil of a turntable on the door was the only indication of the operation going on inside.
Patients who appeared to be in extremely poor condition (Karnofsky score ≤ 30, indication of emergency operation, and definitely unable to complete a course of treatment) were excluded from this study.
When assessing cases potentially associated with CS, we considered each one individually, taking into account other factors that might have contributed to the MNM event or death, such as pre-existing conditions and the indication of the operation.
Of the primary arthroplasties, in 90 patients, the indication for operation was end stage osteoarthritis and 4 had rheumatoid arthritis.
In nine of these cases fetal distress was the first indication for operation, indications for other caesareans were: antepartum hemorrhage (10), dystocia (eight), cord presentation (four), repeat caesarean (two), (pre) eclampsia (one) and others (three).
The main indication for operation was primary osteoarthritis (89%).
In order to eliminate the effect of diagnosis as a confounding factor, only patients with primary osteoarthritis as a recorded indication for operation were included.
Further research is necessary to assess the relative contribution of technique, implant design and the indications for operation to the development of this situation.
