As indicated by the average number of differences in nucleotide sequence (k) (Table 2), Chinese B. dorsalis s.s populations showed stronger indications of bottleneck and founder events than the southeast Asian populations (Manila, Pattaya, and Bangkok).
The low number of detected bottlenecks in the present study could be an artefact of our analysis as many of the young populations of the invasive garden ant, however, have few polymorphic loci, which in itself is an independent indication of genetic bottlenecks, but it compromises the detection power of these programs [ 55].
This level of N e gives little indication of recurrent population bottlenecks in WCR, which gives WCR populations the ability to generate and maintain many individuals with novel mutations.
In another study on genetic diversity and domestication history, Li et al. (2011) found 70% less diversity in O. glaberrima as compared to O. barthii, its wild progenitor, an indication of severe domestication bottleneck.
Whereas the population of P. panini on Panay shows no indication of a recent bottleneck, the one on Negros does.
At first sight one might be tempted to interpret the observed reduction in measures of genetic diversity, above all observed heterozygosity (Ho), as an indication of a genetic bottleneck.
There were also indications of genetic bottlenecking, reductions in heterozygosity, and possible inbreeding in some of these founder broodstocks (Tymchuk et al. 2010; Appendix S1 in Supporting Materials in the present study).
If the number of tokens in the incoming channel of a task is increasing it is usually an indication of that task being the bottleneck in a chain of several tasks.
There were no indications of severe genetic bottlenecks over the entire production cycle and the artificial selection process.
They may provide a first indication of the usage or of likely bottlenecks but such indications should be verified with more detailed and localized analyses by means of simulation or more comprehensive methods before significant actions might be taken.
