This study illustrates the potential hazards with conducting observational studies to determine the efficacy of various transitional care interventions, such as early follow-up, where risk for confounding by indication is high.
If the aim is the treatment of life-threatening hypoxemia, the clear-cut indication is high-flow veno-venous ECMO.
On the other hand, IndVal varied between 0 (no indication) and 100 (perfect indication), being highest when all individuals of a species are found in a single habitat (high specificity) and the species occurs in all samples of that habitat (high fidelity).
Treatment satisfaction across aesthetic indications is high, and incobotulinumtoxinA is well tolerated, with time intervals of 5 months or longer between injections in the majority of cases.
PI ranges between 0 and 1, and is high when the prevalence of concordant positive (or negative) indications is high, chance agreement is consequently also high, and kappa is reduced accordingly (prevalence effect) [ 71].
BI also ranges between 0 and 1, and is high when the difference between the discordant indications is high, chance agreement is consequently low, and kappa is inflated accordingly (bias) [ 71].
The percentages of of caesarean sections attributable to relative indications in the West and in the East were similar, while the percentage of caesarean sections in the absence of indications was higher in the West.
In fact, the average pregnancy rate per transfer for all indications was higher than in our previously published studies using FISH for similar indications, which produced pregnancy rates ranging between 30 and 40% [ 42– 42].
The percentage of appropriate indications was highest for naproxen plus PPI, followed by celecoxib alone and ibuprofen/diclofenac plus PPI.
There is no meaningful indicator of exposure dose available, but longer latencies are associated with higher risk estimates, and there are indications that risk is higher in rural areas where phones typically radiate at higher intensities (Hardell et al. 2005b).
