Other approaches for tackling confounding by indication include the use of propensity score methods and instrumental variable analysis.
Bias by indication includes the notion that clinicians were aware of the methotrexate failure in a patient's history when they decided to re-employ methotrexate, selecting the more refractory patients in whom no other options were deemed valuable.
Early indications, including the choice of an American-owned target, suggest that Al Qaeda or one of its local affiliates may be involved.
After its withdrawal from the market due to severe teratogenicity, thalidomide and its novel iMiD analogs were repurposed decades later for a variety of new clinical indications, including the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum, multiple myeloma, and del 5q -MDS.
The reduction in pathophysiological levels of NO through the inhibition of NOS has the potential to be therapeutic in a multitude of indications including the treatment of septic shock, stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, and in the treatment of pain.
These treatment lines allow for the treatment of various types of indications, including the treatment of osteoarthritis knee pain in the anterior and medial knee and treatment prior to knee surgery to reduce post-operative pain.
Early indications, including the record of Secretary of Education nominee Betsy DeVos, suggest that the administration's education policies will likely hurt our public schools and may be a disaster for students of color, LGBTQ kids and other young people from underserved or marginalized communities.
The use of capecitabine has since spread to a number of off-label indications, including the treatment of advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer and the neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer.
