Sentence examples for indication effect from inspiring English sources

It is therefore likely that we are observing a "confounding by indication" effect as we reported in an earlier cohort of RA patients followed prospectively for the development of MRI erosions [ 26].

However, the percentage of subjects with the albuminuric phenotype who were taking RAS blockers was higher than that of patients with the nonalbuminuric phenotype, though this might simply be an indication effect (18).

However, in the absence of previous evidence that comparator drugs were free of other indication effects, this would again have not ruled out this bias, even though it may have accounted for bias related to the comparison with non-users.

Respondents had more detailed knowledge of indications, effects and how to access alternative treatments, which is bolstered by the active promotion and legitimization of alternative treatments.

First of all, our study highlights the issue of confounding by indication, an effect that cannot easily be controlled for in observational studies [ 33].

Further prospective, randomized and control studies should investigate the appropriate indication and effect of OLB on outcome in patients with ARDS.

As for ethylene, the most sensitive indication of effect was on seed production, although long-term accumulation of trichloroacetic acid in tissue may also be a problem.

Although there was some indication of effect modification by cell type, the statistical evidence was weak.

There was an indication of effect modification by several study conditions.

In addition, we found no indication for effect modification when stratifying by prematurity and infants with heart and lung conditions.

Finally, in the interaction analyses, there was no indication of effect measure modification by maternal cigarette smoking (data not shown).