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A pointed arrow indicates the activation of a target by an activator species, and a blunt arrow represents the inhibition of the target by an inhibitor.
Finally, DEC indicates the activation of the decorrelation module.
IGMA analysis indicates the activation of the 〈1 1 1〉{1¯10} slip mode.
We at first examined the Akt phosphorylation in response to Hcy stimulation, which indicates the activation of TCR/CD28 signal pathway.
Furthermore, the effect of compound 11 on caspases 3, 8 and 9 was evaluated and was found to increase their levels by 20, 34, and 8.9 folds, respectively, which indicates the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
The involvement of the medial thalamus indicates the activation of the afferent dopaminergic mesocortico-limbic system [44].
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APX, CAT, and GR were enhanced at transcriptional level and in terms of enzyme activity, indicating the activation of antioxidant defence.
These genes related to energy metabolism were initiated early in the process, indicating the activation of respiratory activities in mitochondria and ATP release.
Early loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) clearly indicated the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.
The results showed that AIF silencing significantly activated Topflash but not Fopflash (Fig 4C), indicating the activation of WNT/β-catenin transcription in AIF knockdown cells.
Our studies have also indicated the activation of MDSCs by protein expression of phosphorylate STAT3.
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