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HR indicates hazard ratio; Ref, reference group; other abbreviations are as in Table 1.
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While effect-based monitoring indicates hazards due to chemical contamination and provides information on toxicological endpoints of concern, tools are required to identify causes and elucidate links between exposure and effects.
*Cox regression model; †Preoperative serum CEA was measured in 948 patients; ‡Preoperative serum CA19-9 was measured in 902 patients; HR indicates hazards ratio; CI indicates confidence interval; CEA indicates carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9 indicarbohydrateydrantigenigen 19-9.
There was no association between maternal education and parity with post-infancy death (Table 3).> -wrap-foot> *Cindicateses confidence interval and HR indicates hazards ratio(s) obtained from Cox proportional hazards models.
Infants whose mothers' self-reported as HIV positive were 34 times (HR: 34.4; 95% CI: 2.91, 407.1) as likely to die in the post-neonatal period as children whose mothers' self-reported as HIV negative (Table 2).> -wrap-foot> *Cindicateses confidence interval and HR indicates hazards ratio(s) obtained from Cox proportional hazards models.
Threshold level scales developed to indicate hazard intensity for each damage state for buildings and critical infrastructure (Spence et al. 2004; Jenkins et al. 2014b, Wilson et al. 2014).
In response, Chart and colleagues [ 4] disputed the biological significance of the modest cholinesterase decline since a) no clinical effects were seen and b) the decline was said to provide evidence of exposure, but was too small to indicate hazard.
The frailty variance was small but statistically significant, indicating hazard ratio heterogeneity among hospitals that varied between 0.67 and 1.34, and resulted in two hospitals with HR different from the average risk.
They will also be expected to ensure the safety of riders by indicating hazards and obstacles as well as helping pedestrians to safely cross the race route.
Instead of indicating hazards on the product containers through language and symbols, another useful RC strategy is the use of a standardized process for assessing and recommending the least hazardous products [86].
Asterisks in panels C and D indicate hazard-rate regimes in which estimates from the corresponding model prediction differed significantly from data estimates using Hotelling's t -test with a Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05.
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