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Each variable was scored as follows: 0 indicates no disadvantage, score of 1 indicates disadvantage.
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The study findings also indicate disadvantages of close-ended discussion tasks in supporting students' online learning success.
Figure 1 illustrates the standardized bias prior to (dots) and after (crosses) the matching for all countries with negative values indicating disadvantages for the children who did not attend preschool.
In addition, the evidence of stereotypical behaviour may indicate disadvantages for sows kept in stalls for the whole gestation.
We could not extract any data indicating disadvantages associated with removal of the fallopian tubes at the same time as a hysterectomy.
The index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage is an area level measure of SES developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and is derived from area attributes such as low income, low educational attainment, high unemployment, and jobs in relatively unskilled occupations, where a low score indicates socioeconomic disadvantage [34].
A GPI lower than 1 indicates a disadvantage of girls in enrolment.
Consistent with the profile of the broader sample, participants were disproportionally recruited from areas of greater socio-economic advantage (M = 7.39, SD = 2.54, scale 1 10 whereby a low score indicates greater disadvantage) [ 33].
This index of SES is the index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and is derived from attributes such as low income, low educational attainment, high unemployment, and jobs in relatively unskilled occupations, where a low score indicates socioeconomic disadvantage (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001a).
SEIFA indices indicate relative social disadvantage of populations living in different geographic areas with low scores reflecting disadvantage.
Slide by Jill Hathaway "But how's Charley going to manage that technique?" questioned Amir, indicating her disadvantage.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com