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These mice have a threefold increase in serum LH, which indicates a defect in the ability of Leydig cells to produce testosterone [4].
Because Mpk1 is a component of the cell wall integrity pathway, the enhanced phosphorylation of Mpk1 in cdc48-3 indicates a defect in the cell wall at high temperature.
Although LCLs are not primary cultures and their telomere length does not necessarily represent the telomere length in the primary tissue from which they were derived, the continuous telomere shortening in the affected cells clearly indicates a defect in telomere length maintenance.
Nonetheless, the accumulation of lipofuscin indicates a defect.
This indicates a defect in vacuolar hydrolytic activity.
The shoot morphology of 1B-/ plants indicates a defect in primary SAM maintenance.
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Pristine microtubes show homogeneity of the GaAs and InGaAs peak positions and intensities along the tube, which indicates a defect-free rolling up process, while for a cone-like microtube, a downward shift of the GaAs LO phonon peak along the cone is observed.
Results show a reduction of approximately 50% in both mutant strains and clearly indicate a defect in nuclear oscillations, most probably linked to defective cMT functions.
These results indicate a defect in the migration of renal embryonic endothelial cells that may cause defective glomerulogenesis (Fig. 3A).
Strains defective in Suv3 or Dss1 show accumulation of mitochondrial mRNAs, indicating a defect in their turnover (Dziembowski et al. 2003; Malecki et al. 2008).
In addition, one dark spot marked by a square only exists in the middle subcell, indicating a defect located in the GaInAs subcell.
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