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Participants indicated word decisions with their left index finger and nonword decisions with their left middle finger.
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Also note that the knowledge of aphasia indicating word finding difficulties in people is domain-specific, and hence such knowledge cannot be obtained from an open-domain lexical resource.
The artifacts have features that the researchers interpret as symbols indicating words.
Note: Bold-faced type in transcript columns indicates words associated with each respective variable.
Their study made use of the fact that the location of low-pitched F0 elbows, which may or may not be masked by voiceless sound segments, indicates word-boundary locations and is hence relevant for lexical-identification processes in French.
The children were not given symbols indicating words or phrases to describe their pain (Johnson, Boshoff, & Bornman, 2015).
Square brackets containing text indicate explanation added during transcribing or analysis and capitals were added by transcribers to indicate words emphasised by speakers.
Previous studies have already indicated that word frequency itself is a correlate of word success at historical time scales.
In cognitive interviews, participants generally indicated these word pairs did not well-represent endpoints of a shared domain of experience.
If you are omitting words, indicate the deleted word or words by using an ellipsis marks (3 periods that are preceded and followed by a space).
Participants were instructed to record their lexical decisions by pressing one of two response buttons, to indicate a word or non-word response.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com