Expectations of these statistics are nearly zero in a constant-size population; significant negative values indicate a sudden expansion in population size, whereas significant positive values indicate processes such as a population subdivision or recent population bottlenecks.
Our confidence in reconstructing both (a) range pairs (thereby indicating possible processes such as vicariance or dispersal; Figure 3), and (b) each individual descendent lineage's range (as indicated by the relative likelihoods for each range across all possible range pairs; Figure 4), is compromised at higher rates.
In tissue engineering, Raman spectra identify cellular features and indicate dynamic processes, such as cell differentiation and cell death.
The parameters, especially curvature, may indicate causal processes, such as increased soil moisture availability on concave surfaces with convergent flow paths, or they may provide correlative information on the groundwater setting (gaining vs. losing).
Nondecision time was also affected by word frequency, indicating that processes such as stimulus encoding and response execution took less time for high-frequency words than they did for low-frequency words.
The observation that many cell cycle genes are modulated significantly by BaP in two or more target organs indicates that processes such as DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis may be activated to allow repair or elimination of damaged cells.
GO analysis of the earliest genes specifically down-regulated at 6-h time point after PH indicated that biological processes such as cellular aldehyde metabolic process, cortical cytoskeleton organization, fatty acid metabolic process, endothelial cell proliferation, and negative regulation of TOR signaling cascade were overrepresented (Fig. 3b).
The evidence presented in this study indicates that biological processes such as mRNA processing and protein synthesis are correlated with growth rate in CHO cells.
Our results indicate that thinning processes such as etching and bioreduction can be useful in engineering the Bragg regimes of STFs after deposition.
Our data indicate that fragmentation processes such as habitat loss can alter species diversity and species composition by reducing habitat availability and increasing fragment isolation.
