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High coexpression scores indicated pathways in which the GeneRecommender identified either a highly precise hit list in one organism or moderately precise hit lists in several organisms.
Positive Z-scores > 0 indicated pathways which contain significantly regulated genes from the DNA microarray data sets in an overrepresentative manner [ 32].
Only outliers with protein interactions were shown in the protein interaction map and outliers with an ICP below 0.1 were added if they were shown to be a part of the indicated pathways.
An example for diabetes mellitus was discussed where the transcriptogram method clearly indicated pathways not linked to the energy metabolism to be differentially expressed in different cybrids, as for example, sets of genes acting in the extracellular space or linked ECM-receptor interaction, or in wound healing and blood coagulation.
As the enrichment analysis suggested group specific dysregulation of several metabolic and signaling pathways, we further uploaded identical datasets into KEGGArray software (KEGG pathway databases – Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and inspected gene expression changes in all the indicated pathways.
Each transcript on the array is plotted as a dot, with the X-axis position indicating the fold change caused by nutrient repletion with both TOR and cAMP/PKA intact; the position on the Y-axis indicates the response when the indicated pathways are blocked.
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The "% Shared annotations" represent the percent of shared relative to the total annotations for the indicated pathway.
The most commonly indicated pathway was the Metabolic pathways, with 1213 genes representing 11.49% of the total target genes, followed by the Pathways in cancer (3.26%), MAPK signalling pathway (3%), Endocytosis (2.68%), and Focal adhesion (2.66%).
Black solid arrows indicate pathways with evidence from rice, grey solid arrows indicate pathway with evidence from Arabidopsis, and broken arrows indicate pathways without direct evidence.
Two autobiographical case studies provide examples of these evolutionary changes and indicate pathways of inquiry by which to pursue them.
Strikingly, there was a large overlap in the drugs identified that attenuate infection in both cell types, indicating pathways utilized by the virus in both mammals and insects (p<10−16; Figure 2E).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com