Moreover, the comparative analysis of the gene contents of the two Cardinium strains revealed that, despite being very similar at nucleotide level (92.9% nucleotide identity), revealing a recent evolutionary divergence, there are some relevant differences between the genomes of both strains, indicating differences in the evolution of endosymbiosis in Encarsia spp. and B. tabaci.
Pregrowth treatments of the GaN surface by using Zn or oxygen plasma exposures result in different growth processes as indicated by the evolution of a reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern.
We predict that activity of the missing alpha-subunit (α-subunit) of GGTase-II in Leptomonas was probably contributed by the α-subunit of FTase, while beta-subunit (β-subunit) of GGTase-II was conserved and indicated functional conservation in the evolution of these two kinetoplastids.
However, these species fell into two lineages in subclade 3A, indicating that the evolution of galea teeth in the species with a beaked galea may be similar to that of species with beakless galea.
As indicated in [27, 38], the evolution of a function with its Laplacian is equivalent to a Gaussian filtering process to regularize the level set function.
Second, we tested whether the evolution of gene expression levels has increased, decreased, or been constant over time by estimating the parameter δ; δ < 1 indicates that the evolution of differences in gene expression patterns occurred early in gene divergence and δ > 1 signifies that evolutionary differences occurred relatively recently.
In contrast, our phylogenetic analysis indicates that the evolution of cis- and trans-ATs in algae is unambiguously connected to the evolution of multimodularity.
The modern scientific view, on the other hand, considers humans to be highly evolved animals; evidence indicates that continuity in the evolution of organisms provides a basis for essential psychological similarities and differences between lower and higher animals, including humans.
The lack of distinct clades for each subtype indicates frequent reassortment in the evolution of these viruses.
The examination of documentation over the last ten years indicates four phases in the evolution of SAHAYOG's current understanding of the situation.
