The integrity of the isolated RPE sheets was indicated by the expression of the tight-junction protein ZO1. (Fig. 1A).
Viral entry is indicated by the expression of the luciferase gene in relative light units (RLU).
Dynamic compression, as well as co-culture enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs as indicated by the expression of SOX-9, type-II collagen and aggrecan, which were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot.
In looking at downstream cell degradation pathways associated with skeletal muscle break-down and Akt signaling, autophagosome flux, as indicated by the expression ratio of LC3 II to I, was increased by PD90 compared to earlier pre-symptomatic timepoints (P < 0.05, Fig. 3B,D).
A recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (dexpressingressinGFPFP (Ad-GFP) was used to infect WT and Hdac6 tg ES clones, so that the infection of adenovirus can be indicated by the expression of GFP.
Cardiac precursors started to appear on day 4, indicated by the expression of Gata4.
Coincidently, the KSHV lytic gene expression was initiated as indicated by the expression of K-RTA and K-8.
Although an EMT genotype was indicated by the expression of mesenchymal markers, we were not able to define a clear mesenchymal, invasion-related phenotype.
Under this culture condition, ESCs differentiate randomly into cells of the three germ layers as indicated by the expression of endoderm genes (Sox17 and Gata4), mesoderm genes (Eomeso and Brachyury) and ectoderm genes (Sox1 and Sox3; data not shown).
