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Timings in generations were estimated on the log10 scale and indicate the divergence (Tdivergence), the onset of the bottleneck (Tbottlneck) and the cessation of migration (Tmigration).
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Likewise, dnuc = 1.9±0.9% between green junglefowl and chickens indicates the divergence time of 5.5±2.7 myr, which is more recent than the previous estimates [39] (see also [41], [42]).
Bayesian inference of phylogenetic relationships based on the mitochondrial COI gene clearly indicates the divergence between the two sister species C. maenas and C. aestuarii, consistent with previous studies (Figure 1).
The age estimates obtained herein suggested that Dictyochophyceae evolved much earlier than the paleontological record indicates, the divergence from its sister-lineage (Pelagophyceae) taking place between the Early Cambrian and Permian (lognormal priors: mean = 397 Ma, 95% CI = 520 279 Ma; exponential priors: mean = 382 Ma, 95% CI = 497 264; Fig. 2, node E; Table 2).
This indicates the divergence from the latest common ancestor of dermatophytes was later than the Aspergillus- Penicillium group.
Molecular clock analysis of chlorotype variation agreed with phylogenetic analyses in indicating the divergence of species long predating the LGM.
The black triangle at the end of each terminal clade indicates the divergence of the elements within a clade or species.
The highlighted area indicates the divergence between B. henselae type H (Houston I) and B. henselae type M, as previously described (10).
Alignment of the related sequences (not shown) reveals one small conserved region characterized by the block [ILF]-x(3 -[IMLF]-x-[SCA]-P-[FM]-x(4)-[NT]-[VLIFM]-x-[ILFV], indicating the divergence of the family.
Although poorly supported in all analyses, the node indicating the divergence of the East African Macowania species from the core Macowania clade (Node D) is dated to 9.4 (3.8 – 16.2) Ma.
A direct consequence of this is visible in Figs. 5 and 6: The vertical line indicating the divergence of the cash state B in an infinite horizon setting is shifted to a value A ¯ d R of reputation that is higher than the respective value A ¯ nd R in the non-delayed case.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com