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The nuclear accumulation of β-catenin observed in colorectal cancer cells distributed along the invasive front may not only reflect a specific level of canonical Wnt activity but also indicate the activation of additional signalling pathways.
Moreover, different effects of the induced interruptions show up in conditions of task complexity, which indicate the activation of distinct cognitive mechanisms related to structural aspects of the task.
The in-situ Raman spectra after the first two electrochemical cycles also indicate the activation of Li2MnO3 changes the ionic local coordination structure and increases the ionic disorder of the pristine NM Li-rich layered material.
The return of p53 to basal levels by 4 hours post-treatment may indicate the activation of alternative p53-degradation pathways.
Moreover, the upregulation of the DNA replication licensing factor MCM3, which interacts with RAD51 and is directly involved in ATM/ATR checkpoints in mammals [32], [105], [106], might indicate the activation of cell cycle G1 and/or S checkpoints.
These results indicate the activation of a DNA-damage checkpoint in colon cells independent of hMLH1.
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At the link layer, let μ b, c (t) and μ r, c (t) indicate the activations of the commodity flow c on link (b, c) and (r, c) at time slot t.
APX, CAT, and GR were enhanced at transcriptional level and in terms of enzyme activity, indicating the activation of antioxidant defence.
These genes related to energy metabolism were initiated early in the process, indicating the activation of respiratory activities in mitochondria and ATP release.
A pointed arrow indicates the activation of a target by an activator species, and a blunt arrow represents the inhibition of the target by an inhibitor.
Early loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) clearly indicated the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.
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