Previous studies have reported case series of all identified bone and cartilaginous tumours identified by clinically indicated plain radiographs for non-musculoskeletal indications, such as sinus radiography [ 13].
Early research in Australia indicates plain packaging makes tobacco less appealing and increases the urgency to quit smoking 24; however, it will be important to monitor impact over time.
These findings indicate that plain packs have degraded discriminative control over instrumental tobacco-seeking.
To conclude, two experiments found that whereas branded pack stimuli elicited tobacco-seeking in a Pavlovian to instrumental transfer protocol, plain pack stimuli did not, indicating that plain packs have degraded discriminative control over tobacco-seeking.
A recent survey of the Spine Trauma Study Group indicated that plain radiographic findings, if present, are most helpful in determining PLC injury.
Research in "Western" countries has indicated that plain packaging has the potential to impact youth smoking perceptions and behaviors.
A reduced tendency to believe that some cigarettes are less harmful than others have been reported [ 31], and several findings have indicated that plain packs might encourage smoking cessation or reductions [ 16, 32].
14– 16 Experimental research has also indicated that plain packaging can significantly reduce false beliefs about health risks and ease of quitting, 13 17 promote cessation behaviour 18 and increase the salience of health warnings.
This finding indicates that plain packaging and greater restrictions on descriptors or even prohibiting flavored cigarettes— could reduce positive perceptions of taste, and potentially undermine an individual's desire to smoke [ 25].
MRI has been indicated when plain film radiographs show fracture of the GT of the femur because of the inability of the film to reveal the geographic extent of the lesion, leading to questions about safe treatment [ 5, 9].
