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DIF does not necessarily indicate item bias or flaws with the item.
Each item included a rating scale to indicate item importance for a person's QoL.
Some of the items showed fairly high correlation, and a few correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9, which may indicate item redundancy.
According to Streiner a too high alpha (>0.90) may indicate item redundancy [ 14], which could be the case of the RAOS subscale ADL.
Sample characteristics for both sites are presented in Table 6, and Table 7 presents frequencies for the combined categorical variables, to indicate item responses.
The very high levels of Rho (and Cronbach's alpha) for the Physical Functioning scale could indicate item redundancy [ 31], from the scaling perspective, and this is very likely given the similar wording and overlapping concepts in the items.
Similar(51)
Italics indicate items deleted from instrument in subsequent analyses.
Data points above the diagnonal dashed line indicate items for which students exceeded their teachers' predicted performance.
The boldface rows indicate items that contain relationships between 1 or more of the pathogens or TRGs in this study.
They were asked to respond to a short questionnaire to indicate items difficult to understand, confusing or offensive.
Those items in the left lower quadrant indicate items that were rated lower by both pharmacists and physicians, while those in the upper right quadrant indicate items that were rated highly by both disciplines - again indicating a high degree of agreement on most item ratings in this cluster.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com