Exact(10)
To help strengthen epidemiological analysis, Sir Austin Bradford Hill, a British medical statistician, set out certain criteria in 1965 that indicate cause and effect.
A score of 100 is considered normal, but officials say higher numbers could indicate cause for concern - what has been described as a "fire alarm".
But the findings don't indicate cause for immediate alarm, she said.
None of the individuals show signs of interpersonal violence or obvious pathologies that may indicate cause of death.
Whilst our findings are limited to experimental studies using rodents and primates carried out in UK and US laboratories, this is the statistical population that dominates the biomedical research literature, so our results are important and indeed, indicate cause for concern.
Although they can show associations, such data can rarely indicate cause and effect.
Similar(50)
The pathologist will carry out an external examination first to see if there are any clues indicating cause of death.
Whether the higher isolation rates from horses with gastrointestinal tract disease indicates cause or simply opportunistic overgrowth of this organism is still unclear [ 13, 15].
Because indicates cause and effect whereas since indicates a time frame.
The previously described approaches returned findings that indicated causes similar to the real cause of this caprolactam accident.
Even if a true association did exist between blood levels of carnitine and heart disease, there would be no reason to assume that such an association indicates cause-and-effect.
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