2. Index test scores were dichotomised using both the ROC technique and scores based on the literature: for the Pittsburgh questionnaire we used cut-off points of > 5 [ 18] and > 10 [ 36], a cut-off > 14 for the Insomnia index [ 19], and for the Epworth scale we used a cut-off point of >10 [ 26].
For each one unit increase in the Barthel Index, Pfeiffer test score, EBS score and age, the odds of being at medium-high risk of malnutrition were 1.01, 1.07, 0.95, and 1.02, respectively.
Currently, studies which fail to report on aspects of quality, for example if reviewers were aware of the results of the reference standard when interpreting the results of the index test, are generally scored as not having met this quality item.
Using a behavioral AP performance index (Fig. 2, AP test score), 2 distinct experimental groups were formed.
Consecutive series of all eligible patients had a single venous blood sample drawn for lactate assay analysis (index test) and a concurrent Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) II value determination (reference test).
We used the STEPP score as the index test.
The diagnostic accuracy of SILS (the index test) compared to a S-TOFHLA score < 23 (the reference or "gold standard" test) was analyzed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values [with their 95% confidence intervals (CI ], likelihood ratios (LR), as well as a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve [ 20].
When both tests are performed on the same subjects, the scores from the index test are correlated with those achieved by the criterion measure.
Moreover, there was no correlation between diffusion indices and neuropsychological test scores, suggesting no direct association between DTI-TBSS findings and MCI.
Our literacy index reliably discerns literacy test scores above educational attainment, and the index shows high internal consistency (coefficient alpha = 0.78) and validity.
