Weather index insurance principles were initiated by Halcrow (1948) and further developed by Dandekar (1977).
Despite the increasing popularity of weather index insurance principles among the scientific and insurance/re-insurance community, its uptake remains limited and challenging in smallholder agriculture.
The total nutrient biorelease variable, for considering simultaneously the previous variables, nutrient accumulation in plants and the residual effect in soil, is of great interest and sensibility, because, as an index, incorporates principles from the multivariate statistics.
This indicates that farmers and policymakers were not sufficiently educated on how weather index insurance principles operate and become hesitant after a good harvest to pay for the insurance coverage in the following season.
Donor agencies and international organizations including national and regional governments are, therefore, looking for new ways of mitigating the effects of weather variability, including application of weather index insurance principles for disaster prevention (see Skees et al. 1999; World Bank 2005, 2011).
The target reliabilities are found by optimizing expected life-cycle costs and verifying compliance with risk acceptance criteria developed according to the Life Quality Index (LQI) principle.
The nanocomposite particles were introduced into a transparent silicone matrix and the ratio of ZnO to SiO2 was adjusted to maintain the transmittance in terms of the filler-matrix refractive index matching principle.
Because the office variables were correlated strongly, we created an office managed care index using principle component analysis.
As the NJSCR does not collect individual SES information, census tract SES measures from the U.S. Census for NJ were used to develop a standardized deprivation index using principle component analysis [ 33], as described in a previous article [ 34].
The availability of novel noncytotoxic pharmaceutical and natural products in clinical development create opportunities for improving the therapeutic index through the principles of combination therapy.
