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Furthermore, many of the recent echocardiographic indices of volume responsiveness have been validated in populations of septic shock patients.
Recently, the debate between static and dynamic indices of volume responsiveness was resolved in favor of the latter with multiple studies demonstrating that central venous pressure lacks predictability as a measure of volume responsiveness [3] compared with stroke volume and pulse pressure variation [4].
Either TTE or TEE can alternatively be used, according to availability and to the specific information needed; (5) accuracy the use of ECHO as hemodynamic monitoring tool has already been validated in populations of septic shock patients [14], so as have been many of the most recent ECHO indices of volume responsiveness [18].
Third, dynamic indices of volume responsiveness (pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation) might have identified responders to volume expansion more precisely than cardiac filling pressures (CVP and PCWP) [ 47].
Therefore, the 300 Index is as an index of stem volume productivity, defined as the volume MAI at age 30 years for this standard regime.
In this paper, we present an approach to measure the refractive index modulation of volume phase holographic gratings (VPHG) by use of its angular selectivity, with the advantage of avoiding the diffraction efficiency errors induced by noise.
Each MRI image was segmented into white matter, grey matter and CSF using the VBM toolbox (methods described in Skirrow et al., 2011), and volumes were summed to yield an index of intracranial volume.
Since cardiac output increases in a relatively linear fashion with external power output and stroke volume becomes constant relatively early in exercise, the slope of the heart rate response to exercise represents an index of stroke volume.
The water vapor content is an indicator for the moisture conditions in the troposphere, and serves as an index of the volume of water which could be released in the form of precipitation following the condensation (Priego et al. 2016).
Our index of distribution volume (VT*) is calculated using the whole blood radioactivity instead of the plasma radioactivity as an input function and is not corrected for plasma metabolites but assumes that whole blood activity remains as untransformed parent compound.
Total accelerometry counts adjusted for wear time were used as an index of total volume of physical activity.
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