We therefore used two indices of intraspecific variation in sperm morphology: (i) an index of variation in sperm size (log-transformed coefficient of variation, CV, in total length), and (ii) an index of variation in sperm design.
The scores of the first principal component, which explained 85% of the variation in the data, were used in subsequent analysis as the index of variation in sperm design.
Alterations in the fluorescence for Rh123 were quantified using an index of variation (IV) obtained by the equation (MT−MC /MC, where MT is the median of fluorescence for treated parasites and MC is the median of control parasites.
With the addition of CVf (an index of variation in fecundity with age), the relationship becomes Nb /Ne = 0.833 + 0.637 log × (AL) – 0.793 × log – 0.423 × CVf; adjusted r = 0.84.
Overall, our results provide a significant first step in demonstrating that a classic cognitive neuroscience measure can be adapted to serve as a reliable and valid index of variation in creative abilities.
Conclusion: In normal pregnancies FHR indices of variation tend to decrease after maternal oral ingestion of glucose.
Therefore, the two indices of variation might reflect different aspects of sperm morphology evolution.
Range and standard deviation were used as indices of variation within each data group and were used for comparison of variance across statistically comparable groups.
The method offers an opportunity to probe protein aggregation, index of refraction variations and structure.
FDTD simulations demonstrate that the greater the index of refraction variations within the nucleus, the more they scatter light at a wide variety of angles including 90° [ 25].
In spite of the advantages associated with fluorescent imaging, there is still a need to augment these approaches with label-free, interference imaging that can probe protein aggregation, index of refraction variations and structure [ 16, 17].
