To maintain continuous phase when the modulated bit, phase_clip maintains continuity by performing the modulo operation on the current index of the phase to keep it within 0 and 1024.
The cold-season Niño-3 SSTs are a reliable index of the phase of the El Niño-Southern Niño-SouthernENSOscillationminatENSOntENSOnual climate variability in the Tropical Pacific [ 32] andominatesortant effects on other parts of the world, interannualorth Americlimate, 17].
Let (bar {u}) represent the u-index of the phase sequence vector that produced the lowest PAPR signal, (boldsymbol {x}^{bar {u}}[!n]) is defined by [13] begin{array}{*{20}l} boldsymbol{x}^{bar{u}}[!n] &= text{IFFT}left{ boldsymbol{X}[!k] boldsymbol{B}^{bar{u}}[!k] right}.
Let p,,, denote the index of the BC phase.
In the index of the respective phase rotation vector, u min is sent to a receiver as side information (SI), comprising log2U bits.
Finally, an index of the cloud phase, Q, is calculated as Q=1+frac{R_{mathrm{liq}}^2}{R_{mathrm{liq}}^2+{R}_{mathrm{ice}}^2}, (10).
Figure 3 shows an analysis of the cyclic sensorgram of the change in the refractive index of the liquid phase close to the sensor chip surface in the SPR experiments.
Since the porous alumina layer is assumed to be penetrated by water, the refractive index of the alumina/water phase was estimated from the refractive index of water at 1084 cm-1 and the refractive index of γ-alumina (1.6).
Markov chain presents a random process with stationary distribution yx,d,k,i,j,b, where x ∈ (c,s), d = 1..d x denotes vehicle type; k = 0.. 3 denotes the data class, i = 0.. m k denotes the index of the backoff phase, j = 0.. Wx,k,i- 1 denotes the value of backoff counter, and b = 0.. B k denotes the value of the freezing counter.
MRI: Mean rate index of the propagation phase.
The difference between refractive index of the two phases allows estimating the void fraction on the section illuminated by the optical sensor and permits to characterize two-phase flow regime from the signal characteristics.
