When the only deviations between distances within a subset of taxa are judged to be due to stochastic noise, the pairwise distances are modified by solving the equation of motion (a method using a many body kinetic equation in physics), which uses the index of the deviation from additivity as the potential energy [25], [26].
In clinical samples, this discrepancy can be considered as an index of the deviation from a normal ageing trajectory.
Time- and frequency-domain indices of the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), root mean squared of successive deviations in NN intervals (rMSSD), high frequency (HF) (0.15-0.40 Hz), low frequency (LF) (0.04-0.15 Hz), LF HF, and heart rate (HR) were obtained.
The results show that the grid shape quality index and the deviation of rod length of the grid structure are reduced by up to 47% and 34% respectively by using the guide line method with surface flattening when compared to the method without surface flattening.
It should be noted that EFFCH index shows the deviation of the performance of the DMU under consideration from the best practice DMUs and is usually associated with managerial capabilities.
At the higher layer, a robust centralized Model Predictive Control MPCC) algorithm based on a reduced order dynamic model of the overall system optimizes a long-term performance index penalizing the deviation of the state and the control input from their nominal values.
The C pm process capability index considers the deviation of the process mean from its target value as well as the process variance.
These anomalies were averaged over the Caribbean (bounded by 26°N, 80°W, and the eastern coast of Central America) to create a monthly SST index value, identified by NOAA as the "CAR index," representing the deviation of current SST in the entire Caribbean region from historical averages.
This compatibility is measured by the index of deviation from the orthogonality, which we developed via MVS representation of sequences [ 26].
The index of corner deviation similarity is represented as I_{rm C} (i,j) = sumlimits_{n = 2}^{N - 1} {frac{1}{N - 2}left| {theta_{i,n} - theta_{j,n} } right|} (5 where (theta_{i,n}) and (theta_{j,n}) are inner direction changes of the i th and j th angle trajectories at the sampling point n.
Intactness indices describe the deviation of the state of biodiversity from a specified reference condition.
