As for the relationship between glucose metabolism and vascular endothelial function, it is known that increased oxidative stress and fluctuations in blood glucose together worsen vascular endothelial dysfunction [ 3], and indices of fluctuations in blood glucose, such as MAGE and postprandial hyperglycemia, correlate strongly with vascular endothelial function [ 4].
Studies from our laboratory have also reported that the standard deviation (SD) and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), i.e., indices of fluctuations in blood glucose as determined by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), correlate significantly with vascular endothelial function [ 4].
For all satellite passes over individual stations, the intensity index of TEC fluctuations (ROTI) with a 10-min interval in corrected geomagnetic coordinates of subionospheric points, as well as MLT, have been calculated.
The rms frequency fluctuation and power-law index of the frequency fluctuation temporal spectra are determined as a function of heliocentric distance.
Daily DTRs were calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature on each day and were used as an index of diurnal temperature fluctuation, which can substantially alter the incubation period of malaria parasites and reduce the impact of mean temperature (Paaijmans et al. 2009).
Facial expressions have direct, automatic associations with different emotional experiences [59]; thus, they potentially provide a performance measure that is a more sensitive index of both trial-by-trial fluctuations and individual differences in emotional processing.
Equation (4) is identical to equation (17 23) of Ishimaru (1997), except for the negative sign arising from the different definitions of the fractional fluctuation (Eq. (1)) and the fluctuation of the refractive index of Ishimaru (1997).
The design of pure silica core fiber seeks to minimize Rayleigh scattering losses due to nanoscopic fluctuations in the index of refraction.
As the learning process converges to the desirable state, the Jain's fairness index of the network settles and the fluctuations become negligible.
These shifts can be due to such physical phenomena as coherence effects or the scattering of electromagnetic radiation whether from charged elementary particles, from particulates, or from fluctuations of the index of refraction in a dielectric medium as occurs in the radio phenomenon of radio whistlers.
By carefully monitoring body weight fluctuations as an index of IBD progression, a significant weight gain was observed in animals inoculated with the RVFP/IL-1ra-producing S. gordonii GP1294 strain as compared to control animals.
