Its 12-month rate of growth slowed sharply to 4.5%, from 11.5% in the year to September.An index of conditions in Britain's manufacturing sector based on a survey of purchasing managers by Markit, a financial information provider, rose to 58 in November from 55.4 a month earlier.
Rats first underwent Pavlovian fear conditioning with an auditory CS and footshock unconditional stimulus (US); freezing behavior served as the index of conditioned fear.
24 hours later, mice were tested for their conditioned response using two retention tests during which their behavior was continuously video-taped for off-line scoring of freezing as an index of conditioned fear.
Importantly, the magnitude of the SCR reliably increases during presentations of a CS that was previously paired with an aversive US, making it a good index of conditioned fear.
Multimetric indices of condition based on fish assemblages for the Lower Missouri and Upper Mississippi River were responsive to stressor gradients based on 18 24 abiotic stressor metrics.
Here, we tested the hypotheses that the diets, indices of condition and parasite loads of cod and saithe associated with salmon farms differed from those of fish present at locations distant from salmon farms.
Similar to studies in other mammals [12], studies on contemporary humans have used a variety of indices of condition with variable timing in the reproductive cycle, such as economic status [17], [18], female body shape [19] and size [20], [21], dominance, achievement or employment status [22], [23], and health [19].
While the indices of condition were somewhat qualitative and the suite of pathogens restricted, results are intriguing.
More generally, although we have primarily been concerned here with the link between our indices of immunocompetence and body condition in the context of the CMIH hypothesis, a genetic link between indices of condition and immune function would also have implications outside sexual selection theory.
