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Hence, the variance of this distribution, i.e., variance of isogenic phenotypic fluctuation denoted as Vip, gives an index for robustness to noise in developmental dynamics.
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Thus, the variance can serve as an index (inverse) for robustness, and also for plasticity.
As described in detail in Materials and Methods, we obtain indices for modularity, robustness, and evolvability for 167 distinct mammalian proteins, each with orthologs from 25 species.
We find no major incongruencies among these data subsets in regard to the relationship they reveal between the indices for modularity, robustness, and evolvability (figs. 5 and 9).
Moreover, the feasibility robustness index for a design vector has the following properties.
As can be seen from Eq. (10), the larger total interval violation vector will lead to the smaller feasibility robustness index for a design vector.
Computational results through the two metrics, the synchronization time and the robustness index, indicate that a larger coupling strength has a shorter synchronization time for the three signals, and the robustness index for the square-wave periodic signal of cyclin synthesis is strongest in comparison to the other signals.
To determine whether it is necessary to control for gene essentiality, we assess whether there is a significant difference in the mean evolvability, structural modularity, or structural robustness index for essential versus nonessential proteins (i.e., those encoded by essential versus nonessential genes).
"We made it the way it needs to be for robustness.
Additional file 1: Results for robustness checks.
Genes under strong and divergent selection for robustness would reveal distinct correlations between each form of robustness and variables that are related to selection on robustness.
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