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A central index dip (depression) in the profile of core refractive-index may occur due to the CVD fabrication processes.
Effect of core central index dip on the propagation parameters of GRIN fiber, such as intermodal dispersion, intramodal dispersion and root-mean-square broadening, is investigated.
The index dip may also be intentionally designed to broaden the fundamental mode field profile toward a plateau-like distribution, which have advantages for fiber source connections, fiber amplifiers and self-imaging applications.
The conventional methods usually study optical signal propagation in optical fiber in terms of mode characteristics and the number of modes, but in this work multiple-beam Fizeau interferometry is proposed as an inductive but alternative methodology to afford a radial approach to determine dispersion, pulse broadening and maximum transmission rate in GRIN optical fiber having a central index dip.
The basic characteristics of the subjects by OA status are presented in Table 2. BMI, body mass index; DIP OA, distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis.
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The Restaurant Performance Index dips.
And the Nasdaq composite index dipped 0.4 point, to 3,415.79.
The technology-heavy Nasdaq composite index dipped 3.88 points, or 0.19percentto to finish at 2,076.47.
Also, the Russell 2000 small-stock index dipped 3.6, or 0.1percentto to 573.66.
Stocks closed largely unchanged, with the Standard & Poor's 500-stock indippingping 1.17 points, to 1,046.94.
Its manufacturing index dipped to 54.4 in May from 57.3 in April.
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