The thumb-index abduction angle was greater for the large than for the small target from 30 up to 100% of movement duration (Fig. 4).
We have therefore developed a magnetic resonance compatible force transducer that is capable of recording index finger abduction force and to display the produced force in real-time.
In C2, the Green (Yellow) container was placed at the left side of the Green (Yellow) subject: the winning subject had to execute an index finger abduction (contraction of the FDI muscle) to push the sphere towards the container (Figure 1B).
According to a study [38] in which the mechanical impedance of the index fingers in abduction was measured, the resonance point of the ab/adduction motion is a few tens of Hertz, above which the rotational vibration is reduced.
This timing was selected based on our previous report in young adults and corresponded to the 3rd tick in the sequence of cyclic movements when the FDI was actively moving the index finger into abduction (see Figure 1).
Range of abduction of the index finger was reduced immediately after the exercise and was still reduced at 24 h as compared to the non-exercised hand.
We measured abduction of the index finger (initiated by the first dorsal interosseous muscle) and little finger (initiated by abductor digiti quinti muscle).
Secondary outcome measures were the Western Ontario rotator cuff index 22; active range of abduction and flexion; the participant's assessment of change in the main complaint compared with baseline, measured on an 18 point ordinal scale; and two separate questions about pain at rest and pain during activity measured on a nine point ordinal scale.
Abduction angles between the thumb-index, index-middle, middle-ring, and ring-little fingers were measured.
Two patients required a repeat adductor tenotomy at 5 months and 3 years post-index surgery, respectively, for loss of hip abduction.
The indication for surgery on anteroposterior (AP) X-ray film was femoral head subluxation more than 20% according to the Reimer index [ 7] or the presence of hinge abduction, a flat uncovered femoral head, and the Wiberg center-edge angle [ 8] less than 20°.
