Sentence examples for independent of substrate from inspiring English sources

The optimum sputtering condition consisted of high substrate bias and low oxygen flow rate and was independent of substrate temperature.

Well aligned carbon nanowalls, a few nanometers thick, were fabricated by continuous flow of aluminum acetylacetonate (Al acac 3) without a catalyst, and independent of substrate material.

This paper gives a critical review on these methods and concludes that, for thin films, the energy-based approach, especially the one independent of substrate, is more advantageous.

It was concluded that the (0001) planes were preferentially oriented perpendicular to the growth direction for all coatings, independent of substrate bias voltage.

The substrate texture was observed to have a negligible effect on the corrosion performance whilst the major orientation of both oxide phases was found to be independent of substrate orientation.

The SEM studies of the film morphology showed a distinct change from coarser, less dense coatings to smooth, dense and fine-grained morphologies as a function of the changing orientation of the substrate, while the cross-sectional micrographs showed a columnar growth of the crystallites independent of substrate orientation.

After lift-off, the membranes can be transferred onto a wide range of substrates, independent of the substrate composition and surface topology.

On top of unheated substrates, ClAlPc films grow amorphous independent of the substrate surface.

The DGGE profiles in all reactors showed no change with time and no difference between substrate types, suggesting that any microbiological effects are independent of mineral substrate.

At low concentrations of S the rate is V[S]/K or proportional to the substrate concentration [S], whereas at high substrate concentrations the [S] terms cancel out and the reaction is essentially independent of the substrate concentration.

This technique allows the plasma-chemical surface functionalization step to be independent of the substrate, good adhesion of plasma polymer thin films with most substrates, surface density of immobilized molecular species to be finely tuned when the pulsed plasma duty cycle is varied and can be easily scaled to meet the required industrial dimension.