How he came by them is unknown, but there are too many of them to make independent discovery credible.
The initial invention and subsequent development of Davy's and Stephenson's lamps in the autumn and winter of 1815 appears to be an occurrence of "multiple independent discovery", as commented on by Robert K. Merton, amongst others.
Moreover, in guiding the way to Tunnel 228 so clearly, thelondonpaper have denied even that audience a crucial element of the Punchdrunk experience, that of independent discovery and accompanying reward.
Credit for the independent discovery, about 1670, of the fundamental theorem of calculus together with the invention of techniques to apply this theorem goes jointly to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Isaac Newton.
September 6, 1943 Derby, England Richard J. Roberts, in full Richard John Roberts (born Sept. 6, 1943, Derby, Eng)., molecular biologist, the winner, with Phillip A. Sharp, of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his independent discovery of "split genes".
He was subsequently accepted into the graduate biology program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he worked with American molecular biologist Philip A. Sharp, who was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his independent discovery of introns long sections of DNA that do not encode proteins but are located within genes.
He shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Edwin Mattison McMillan for their independent discoveries of transuranium elements.
The researchers made independent discoveries about the operations of receptors, proteins that act as docking ports for cells.
And his theory was hastened into print and into joint presentation by the independent discoveries of Alfred Russel Wallace half a world away.
Shortly after his work appeared, the independent discoveries of Niels Henrik Abel and Carl Jacobi completely revolutionized the subject of elliptic integrals.
In 1964, a Nobel Prize for the laser went to Professor Townes and two Russians, Nicolai Basov and Alexander Prokhorov, the other three scientists who had made independent discoveries and who built the first functioning devices.
