It varies between zero and ∞, with values of zero indicating phylogenetic independence, values <1 indicating weaker phylogenetic dependence (i.e., weaker signal) than expected under Brownian motion, and values >1 indicating greater phylogenetic dependence than expected.
For example, α xy larger than 1 indicates 'coupling', i.e. the density of certain pairs of values is higher than expected under independence; values smaller than 1 would be indicative of 'repulsion'repulsion
Many lifelong denizens of the Catskills have cherished their independence, valuing the traditions and quietude of rural living and bristling at regulatory intervention, particularly of the environmental sort, imposed by officials in Albany and New York City, which gets 90 percent of its drinking water from the Catskills.
The number of field data was reduced gradually under various reduction schemes using condition number, effective independence value, and sensor distance.
The profit was 100% of kinesic treatment adherence, 94% of cases won full independence valued on the Barthel scale with a value of 100, and a single case achieved independence moderated by the presence of spastic paraplegia.
In a recent interview, Morgan said rural primaries were vital for "village life" and that she wanted them to keep their "character, independence and values".
Many third sector organisations have become reliant on the public sector for all or a significant proportion of their funding, which can challenge their independence and values.
Furthermore, around the time of Jarmusch's Night on Earth (1992), released the same year as Reservoir Dogs, hipness and independence as values within American culture had become muddled and coarsened in the process of becoming mainstreamed.
The reader has at least knowledge about independence, expected values and variances and also basic definitions of stochastic, that is necessary to read articles in this field [16].
To these C&W geniuses, Sarah Palin came and sang a song of energy independence, redneck values, and Alaskan-Canadian solidarity.
To show independence of values between the two groups, the unpaired Student's t-test was applied (significant difference if P ≤ 0.05).
