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The indentation time was 30 s. Indent diagonals were visually measured in optical microscopy and converted into hardness.
The indentation time was kept as 5 s for all the loads.
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Mathematically formulated are the constitutive relations for elastoplastic indentation in time-independent regime, as well as for viscoelastic indentation in time-dependent regime.
The corresponding pop-in event (see the arrow) from Figure 3a is zoomed in, where the plastic strain work is denoted as Wp (critical indentation loading times the displacement).
We repeated the indentations 10 times at different locations on the sample to obtain the average value of the Young's modulus.
(b) Indentation force vs. time data from experiment measurement and fitted curve from the indentation equation.
In the mean time, indentation method has been well accepted as a simple and effective way to measure the mechanical properties of solid materials.
Damage growth is found to obey scaling law and it is presented with respect to force applied, energy dissipated, indentation displacement and time.
Explicit formulas are derived for the peak indentation depth, contact time, and rebound velocity as functions of the initial impact velocity, indenter mass, and characteristics of the elastic half-space.
Since the ECM is a viscoelastic material, we next analyzed its creep response by applying instantaneous force and recording changes in ECM indentation depth over time (Fig. S3A).
The net extension of the piezo element, the speed, the time of indentation, the time between indentations and the number of indentations were controlled using the Asylum MFP3D software in IgorPro 6.22 platform.
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