Exact(1)
Dispersing cheaters are effectively 'cooperative' because of the incurred individual cost of dispersal (e), and the benefits to the group in having less negative impact on the commons (Q) (cf. Figs 4c, d with Figs. 6c, d).
Similar(59)
447 [~40%] of the working population had retired prematurely because of COPD incurring individual estimated lifetime income losses of $316,000 [£200,000] or a combined total of $141 m[£89.66 m].
America made that leap 220 years ago, when the new federal government took on the debts incurred by individual states in their revolutionary war against Britain.
Even when job-order costing is used to tally the costs actually incurred on individual jobs, the overhead rates are usually predetermined that is, they represent the average planned overhead cost at some production volume.
The key for achieving this goal is a reasonably accurate estimate, based on the multipole power of the source cell and the size of the sink cell, for the actual force error incurred by individual cell → cell interactions.
Third, our study was based on an analysis from the payer perspective, and costs incurred by individual patients were not included in the analysis.
This model was designed to facilitate regular access to lifelong ART and to reduce the workload in the clinics and, by reducing both the need and cost incurred by individual patients to attend clinics every month to collect ART.
Two-thirds of the total cost of diabetes testing supplies in Saskatchewan in 2001 were incurred for individuals with type 2 diabetes, and approximately 80% of the individuals with type 2 diabetes who had records for diabetes testing supplies were managed by lifestyle alone or were on oral medications only.
From 2017, the Government will pay for care costs incurred by individuals over this level, equivalent to around £61,000 when compared to the 2010/11 prices used by Mr Dilnot.
Matrilineal kin are responsible for debts incurred by individuals, have rights and obligations in payment of compensation for injuries, and participate in certain rituals associated with a fertility spirit.
The BJS report showed that while the total number of identity theft victims in the United States had grown by about 1 million since 2012, the total loss incurred by individuals had declined since 2012 by about $10 billion to $15.4 billion.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com