incurred by

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "incurred by" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used to describe costs, expenses, or liabilities that are the result of a particular action or event. Example: "The fees incurred by the company during the project were higher than anticipated."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

58 human-written examples

It's an acknowledgment of obligations incurred by shared history.

The New York Times - Magazine

They also made various assumptions about costs incurred by generators.

The New York Times

Tells about the record losses incurred by Henry.

The New Yorker

Penalties incurred by the goalie are served by a teammate.

Encyclopedia Britannica

How many penalty strokes have been incurred by the players?

The New York Times

There seemed to be two kinds of debt: debts incurred by "traders" (stockbrokers, bankers, merchants) and debts incurred by everyone else.

The New Yorker

Alitalia says it refunds all expenses incurred by clients during the period they are without luggage.

The New York Times - Travel

The case was reminiscent of earlier scandals surrounding runaway losses incurred by rogue traders.

The New York Times

"Reform should prohibit recovery of expenses and fees incurred by McKenzie Friends," the consultation proposes.

The Guardian

The New York Times Company Foundation underwrites all administrative costs incurred by the fund.

The New York Times

The problems incurred by Amref are partly due to worse than anticipated conditions in Katine.

The Guardian

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "incurred by" when you want to clearly show that a cost, debt, or responsibility is a direct result of a specific action or event. For example: "The additional expenses were "incurred by" the project delays."

Common error

Avoid using "incurred by" when the subject is actively causing the action. Instead of "The company incurred by the fine", use "The company incurred the fine" or "The company was fined."

Linguistic Context

The phrase "incurred by" functions as a passive construction indicating that someone or something has experienced or been subjected to a cost, expense, or liability. This is evident in Ludwig's examples, such as "expenses "incurred by" clients".

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

39%

Science

36%

Formal & Business

10%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

2%

Wiki

2%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "incurred by" is a grammatically sound and common expression used to attribute consequences, particularly costs or expenses, to a specific cause. As confirmed by Ludwig, it functions as a passive construction. It's prevalent in neutral to professional contexts such as news, science, and business, as well as being used in more formal settings as academic papers. While generally correct, be mindful of avoiding its use when describing active causation. Remember to check Ludwig's examples for proper context and usage.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

Caused by

Focuses on the direct causation of something.

Experienced by

Emphasizes the experience of undergoing something.

Sustained by

Highlights the endurance of something as a result.

Undergone by

Indicates a process or event that something has been subjected to.

Arising from

Suggests that something originates or emerges from a particular source.

Resulting from

Highlights that something is a consequence of something else.

Attributable to

Indicates that something can be assigned or credited to a specific cause.

Brought about by

Focuses on the act of causing something to happen.

Derived from

Suggests that something is obtained or extracted from a particular source.

Stemming from

Indicates that something originates or develops from a particular source.

FAQs

How can I use "incurred by" in a sentence?

You can use "incurred by" to show that something (usually a cost, debt, or penalty) has been acquired as a result of an action or event. For example, "The losses "incurred by" the company were significant".

What are some alternatives to "incurred by"?

Alternatives include "caused by", "resulting from", or "arising from". The best choice depends on the specific context.

Is it better to say "costs incurred by" or "costs associated with"?

"Costs "incurred by"" emphasizes a direct cause-and-effect relationship, while "costs associated with" is more general and indicates a connection without necessarily implying direct causation. Choose the option that best fits the nuance you want to convey.

What's the difference between "losses incurred by" and "losses sustained by"?

"Losses "incurred by"" typically refers to losses that were the result of an action or decision, whereas "losses "losses sustained by"" implies losses that were suffered or endured, often involuntarily.