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The finding that the gene (s) affecting two traits, SPP and SP were mapped to the same region and the same direction of the genetic effect with O. rufipogon alleles increasing trait values across different generations implies that this locus was associated with panicle structure with pleiotropic effects.
Indeed, McArdle et al. [63] showed that the type I error of detecting SNP main effects is elevated when family structure is ignored, and more dramatically with increasing trait heritability, which may naturally extend to (interactive) two-locus models as well.
Selection is assumed to be in the direction of increasing trait values.
For all traits except neutral, three levels of increasing trait intensity were recorded (low, medium, and high).
As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, all items discriminated well over the whole trait range since all ICCs increased steadily with increasing trait level.
b Additive effect: positive values of the additive effect indicate that alleles from Chang7-2 were in the direction of increasing trait score.
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If weakly deleterious mutations rise to prevalence via the positive selection of separate fitness increasing traits, we expect to find positive selection within relatively weakly deleterious mutations.
These studies show a gradual increase in risk of cardiovascular outcomes with numerically increasing traits [ 11, 12].
Increased trait anxiety in rats has been shown to be related with increased level of the Lsamp transcript in the amygdaloid area, periaqueductal gray (Nelovkov et al. 2006), raphe, hippocampus and frontal cortex (Alttoa et al. 2010).
fPositive/negative values indicate Nipponbare/Kasalath can increase trait values.
ePositive/negative values indicate IR29/Pokkali can increase trait values.
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