Opening the borders would increase the labour force, creating more taxpayers and more potential carers (in hospitals and nursing homes) to look after the elderly.
Daud Khan successfully introduced several far-reaching educational and social reforms, such as allowing women to wear the veil voluntarily and abolishing purdah (the practice of secluding women from public view), which theoretically increased the labour force by about half.
It is arriving fast in Europe and America, and soon after that will reach East Asia.A demographic dividend tends to boost economic growth because a large number of working-age adults increases the labour force, keeps wages relatively low, boosts savings and increases demand for goods and services.
Loane Sharp points out that while mine production between 1990 and 2012 increased, the labour force shank from 1.2 million to 514,000 - the result of mechanisation.
These can include borrowing and sales of assets to meet expenses and earnings losses, accessing informal community-based insurance pools and formal health insurance, increase the labour force participation of young children or diversify income sources, say by better access to credit [ 9].
Several studies have demonstrated that pharmacological (such as metformin) and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay the development of Type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals are effective and cost-effective [ 31- 33], and have the potential to increase the labour force participation rate of older workers with this form of diabetes which, in turn, may reduce income losses [ 34].
Interventions that increase the labour force participation rate of people with chronic conditions (such as diabetes) are likely to yield benefits to both individuals and government.
5 This is to avoid the counterintuitive result, that obtains is most endogenous growth models, in which the steady-state growth rate of GDP per caput would be an increasing function of the growth rate of the population; indeed, the steady-state growth rate of GDP per caput would be an increasing function of the labour force itself in most endogenous growth models.
This is a combined result of the assumed increase in the labour force participation of older people, and the projected increase of the share of persons aged 65+ in the total population.
Reflecting this higher output growth is the increasing share of the labour force employed in services, which has grown from 73%to80%0% between 1997 and 2015.
