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We tested PDEs 1-5 and found that resveratrol inhibits PDEs 1, 3 and 4. cAMP, in turn, activates AMPK by increasing the activities of the AMPK kinases CamKKβ and, in some conditions LKB1, via cAMP effector proteins Epac1 (cAMP guaninenucleotide exchange factor) or PKA, respectively.
Moreover, we observed that LPS instillation induced activation of the antioxidant glutathione pathway by increasing the activities of GPX and GR, indicating a possible physiologic response to an oxidative stress [ 39].
Moreover, yam extracts had a role in increasing the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, thus improving the DOX-induced alterations in oxidative status in the heart tissue of DOX-treated mice.
Oral administration of naringin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) to ISO-induced rats daily for a period of 56 days showed a significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidative products and improved the antioxidant status by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidants.
The in vitro and in vivo results suggested that lingzhilactone B (102) could protect against renal injuries by increasing the activities of antioxidants and inhibiting inflammation [43].
Another approach for the reactivation of Hippo signalling could be by increasing the activities of MST1/2 and/or LATS1/2 kinases functioning upstream of YAP/TAZ.
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This metabolite in turn activates collagen hydroxylation by increasing the activity of the enzyme collagen prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4HA).
"We have begun to focus more on increasing the activity of existing users," he said.
It works by increasing the activity of three neurotransmitters, or chemical messengers, in the brain: serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline.
Scientists have shown that increasing the activity of SIRT-1 in animals slows down aging and postpones or eliminates diseases of old age.
Lithium's effects on telomeres occurs as a direct result of increasing the activity of the telomere elongation enzyme telomerase (Martinsson et al, 2013).
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