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Another possibility involves strong truncating selection with gradually increasing selective pressure – in this case all haplotypes that can withstand a given concentration will have equal fitness at that concentration regardless of their ability to withstand higher concentrations.
We applied the synthetic system to evolve the virus with increasing selective pressure in environment, specifically to evolve a virus-carried heterogeneous gene (luxR), which consequently enhances the ability of infected hosts to survive against antibiotics.
As a mitochondrial mutation causing the SC spreads within the population, there is increasing selective pressure to resolve the SC.
Thus, we determined the ratios of d N/d S (Goldman and Yang 1994), whose value increases with increasing selective constraints, in thermophiles and nonthermophiles.
Spore dispersal would impart increasing selective pressures on fungi to synthesize an arsenal of polyketide derivatives to facilitate the colonization of diverse and sometimes hostile environments.
SR-BII over-expression was more efficient in enhancing HDL uptake, whereas over-expression of SR-BI was more efficient in increasing selective uptake [56].
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Until recently, vancomycin was believed to have retained activity against all strains of S. aureus; therefore, the spread of MRSA has led to increased vancomycin usage and hence increased selective pressure for the development of resistance [ 5].
This observation was interpreted as evidence of relaxed purifying selection immediately after duplication that was then followed by increased selective constraints as the duplicates aged.
Feeding long alfalfa hay increased selective consumption of fine particles.
Patients featured an increased information processing velocity and an increased split attention as well as an increased selective attention ability measured by the d2-letter cancellation test.
Bars = 20 μm Figure 5 Increased selective osteoblast density on silicone coated with Ti using ionic plasma deposition after 4 h.
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