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For instance, increasing N favours the exploration of the landscape, whereas increasing selection pressure directs the search towards the exploitation of the most promising solutions.
Evolutionary engineering is a useful tool to obtain a desired phenotype by acquiring a stable genotype in an organism by applying constant or increasing selection pressure (Almario et al. 2013; Sauer 2001).
The phage that are thus selected are subsequently amplified in E. coli and undergo additional rounds of panning, often at progressively increasing selection pressure (e.g., by using decreasing concentrations of ligand for later rounds of panning) to enrich the strongest ligand-binding protein fragments.
DHA+PQ was similar to SP+PQ in terms of efficacy and tolerability but DHA is not an ideal drug for IPT, it's rapid elimination from the body means that any preventive action of the combination will rely solely on PQ increasing selection pressure for PQ resistance.
The consumption of antibiotics and other drugs (such as proton pump inhibitors that reduce gastric acidity) might also be currently affecting the bacterial populations by increasing selection pressure in favor of particular variants, thus shaping the genome of indigenous microbes in modern humans.
Graham Ramsay and Paul Breedveld We agree with Blackbourne and Cohn that all systemic antibiotic use carries a risk of increasing selection pressure for resistance, and that antibiotic use should be minimized where appropriate.
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In modern times, likely caused by increased selection pressure due to the extensive use of antibiotics, mobile genetic elements including conjugative plasmids, integrons and transposons tend to be clustered together with ARGs forming mobile multidrug-resistant units.
Elevated conservation in ubiquitous PKs likely reflects increased selection pressure on housekeeping kinases.
Suppression of reinfection provides longer disease free intervals but at the expense of increased selection pressure for resistance to piperaquine compared with more rapidly eliminated partner drugs.
To conclude, even a moderate shift within the limited optimal time window for reproduction can carry costs which may increase selection pressure on the young.
Even though the levels found in the environment are low, in general below the minimum inhibitory concentration for most bacteria, they may still result in an increased selection pressure at some sites [4], [6].
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